A form performed to mark that something real has changed. Ceremony does not cause the change; it witnesses it.

The fire at the centre of a dwelling, and the shared warmth that gathers people to it. What is common to everyone in the house.

A form repeated on purpose so meaning can gather in it. What makes it a ritual is that the doing matters as much as the outcome.

A made place of honoring — where something held sacred is kept and visited; the cumdach is a book's own shrine.

A practice handed on because it was found worth keeping. Tradition carries reasons that are often no longer stated.